The science behind “vocal attractiveness,” or what makes a human voice sound pleasant, is something that people interacting with a digital assistant like Apple’s Siri are exposed to every day. Vocal attractiveness–once the province of psychologists and linguists–is now of increasing interest to acousticians as well as artificial intelligence (AI) researchers.
Data show that both female and male listeners typically agree in their “vocal attractiveness” ratings of voiced vowels whether spoken by a female or a male. According to the researchers, consonants are a different matter. Results of the new study show that both the sex of the speaker and the sex of the listener were important to how an acoustic cue was perceived and ranked on a 7-point “vocal attractiveness” scale.
“Overall, I think the big take away from my study is the fact that the sex and gender of speakers and listeners influence the vocal attractiveness of consonants in different ways — and this influence has not been found for listeners when judging vowels,” explained Emily Blamire, a doctoral student in linguistics at the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada.
One of Blamire’s key findings pertains to the vocal cue of “s” duration (written by linguists as /s/). In her tests, two native speakers of Canadian English (one male, one female) spoke words containing the /s/ sound to make audio recordings. The recordings were then manipulated to both increase and decrease the value of each cue linguists study such as center of gravity and duration. Unlike other test parameters, it was only the manipulations of “s” duration that evoked statistically significant rating differences by 32 test participants aged 19-32, who were asked to rate vocal attractiveness.
“Results show female listeners rank the male voice as more attractive when /s/ duration is decreased,” Blamire said, while male listeners did not. Blamire added that these results suggest that not only are male and female voices judged by different standards in terms of vocal attractiveness, but men and women are using different criteria when making these judgments.
Why consonants might be different is a topic for future research. “For the linguistic community, I think one of the most important aspects of this work was that not all consonant cues that encode social information — such as sex — played a role in perception of vocal attractiveness,” Blamire said. Though vocal attractiveness research may influence how your phone’s “voice” talks to you, there is a deeper significance.
“Truly, the wider value of this study, I feel, is that it brings us one little step closer to illustrating the complexity of the human mind in how we perceive and categorize the world around us,” Blamire said.
Source: 172nd Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America; 5th Joint Meeting with Acoustical Society of Japan; Newswise
Image credits: © Ratz Attila | Dreamstime.com
